Historical accuracy of The Alamo

Historical accuracy of The Alamo

Characters
Davy Crockett
Thornton portrays Crockett more realistically than previous versions, as a man grappling with his own legend, rather than a pure frontiersman archetype. His death scene reflects one disputed but credible account (execution after capture).
Jim Bowie
Patric portrays Bowie as a tough, pragmatic figure weakened by illness (likely tuberculosis or typhoid pneumonia). His complex past (land deals, slave ownership) is alluded to. His death in bed aligns with historical accounts.
Lt. Col. William B. Travis
Wilson portrays Travis as somewhat somber and mature. Historians describe the real Travis as more ambitious, impulsive, and hotheaded. His determination and famous letter are accurately included.
Gen. Sam Houston
Quaid portrays Houston as a strategic, pragmatic leader grappling with building an army and political pressures. His reluctance to reinforce the Alamo and focus on a decisive battle later is accurate.
Gen. Antonio López de Santa Anna
Echevarría portrays Santa Anna as arrogant, determined, and ruthless, reflecting common historical assessments. His motivations and strategic decisions during the campaign are depicted.
Juan Seguín
Mollà accurately portrays Seguín as a prominent Tejano leader fighting alongside Anglo-Texans for independence. His role delivering messages from the Alamo and fighting at San Jacinto is historical.
More characters
Susanna Dickinson
Portrayed as one of the few Anglo survivors of the battle, whose account provided valuable information about the final assault.
Joe
Based on the real enslaved man owned by Travis who survived the battle and provided eyewitness accounts. His presence highlights the issue of slavery among the defenders.
Sam
Represents enslaved individuals present at the Alamo. The film depicts Bowie freeing him, which is dramatic license; the status of Bowie's slaves after his death is less clear historically.
James Bonham
A real defender known for leaving the Alamo to seek reinforcements and bravely returning through enemy lines.
Gregorio Esparza
Represents the Tejanos who fought and died alongside the Anglo defenders inside the Alamo.
Story
Background: Texas Revolution Begins
The film accurately sets the stage with the ongoing conflict between Texas settlers (Anglo and Tejano) and Santa Anna's centralist Mexican government.
Houston orders Alamo destroyed (Disputed Order)
Houston did order Bowie to assess the situation and potentially destroy the Alamo and remove artillery, deeming it indefensible. Bowie and Travis ultimately chose to stay and defend it, exceeding or ignoring the spirit of Houston's orders.
Travis and Bowie share command
The difficult joint command structure between the Regular army officer Travis and the volunteer leader Bowie, leading to initial friction, is historically accurate.
Arrival of Davy Crockett and Tennessee volunteers
Crockett's arrival with a small group of volunteers shortly before the siege began is accurate.
Bowie's debilitating illness during siege
Bowie was severely ill and bedridden for most, if not all, of the siege, unable to participate actively in the command or final battle.
Santa Anna arrives, siege begins (Feb 23, 1836)
The arrival of the Mexican army under Santa Anna and the commencement of the 13-day siege are depicted accurately according to the historical timeline.
Travis's "Victory or Death" letter
The film accurately includes Travis sending out appeals for reinforcements, including his famous and defiant letter addressed "To the People of Texas & All Americans in the World."
Final Assault begins pre-dawn (March 6, 1836)
The timing of the final attack in the early morning hours is accurate.
Mexican army's attack strategy/routes
The film attempts to accurately portray the multi-pronged assault on the Alamo compound based on historical accounts and analysis.
Death of Travis
Travis was killed early in the final assault while defending the north wall, consistent with most historical accounts.
Death of Bowie
Bowie was killed in his sickbed during the final assault, likely bayoneted by Mexican soldiers after resistance.
Death of Crockett (Execution account)
The film depicts Crockett being captured alive with a few others and then executed on Santa Anna's orders. This is based on some accounts (like de la Peña's diary) but disputed by others claiming he died fighting. The film chose one credible version.
Spared survivors (women, children, slaves)
Santa Anna did spare a small number of non-combatants, including Susanna Dickinson, her daughter, and some slaves like Joe.
Runaway Scrape / Houston's retreat
The film correctly depicts the flight of Texas settlers eastward (Runaway Scrape) and Houston's strategic retreat to train his army following the fall of the Alamo.
Battle of San Jacinto (April 21, 1836)
The film includes a portrayal of the decisive battle where Houston's army defeated Santa Anna, securing Texas independence. The surprise attack during siesta time is depicted.
Setting
The Alamo compound reconstruction
An enormous, detailed set was built based on historical research, accurately reflecting the layout and condition of the mission-fortress in 1836 (including the still-roofless main church, correct wall heights).
San Antonio de Béxar town reconstruction
The film accurately recreated the surrounding town of Béxar as it appeared in 1836, providing context for the Alamo's location on the edge of the settlement.
1836 Texas environment
Filmed in Texas, capturing the general landscape relevant to the campaign (though specific battle site geography might have minor variations).
Texian attire (Defenders' clothing)
Portrays the defenders in a mix of civilian frontier clothing and some militia elements, accurately reflecting the diverse, non-uniformed nature of the Texian forces.
Mexican Army uniforms
Uniforms and equipment of the Mexican soldiers were meticulously researched and recreated, offering a more accurate portrayal than many previous films (though some noted they might look slightly too pristine for a campaign).
Weaponry (Flintlocks, cannons, Bowie knife)
Accurately depicts the types of flintlock muskets, rifles (like Crockett's), cannons, and knives (including Bowie's famous design) used during the period.
Siege and battle realism
The final battle sequence is praised for its historical choreography, showing the pre-dawn timing, multiple assault waves, use of ladders, and intense, close-quarters fighting within the compound.
Depiction of Tejano involvement
Unlike some earlier versions, the film makes an effort to show the presence and participation of Tejano defenders (like Esparza) and leaders (like Seguín) fighting for Texas independence.