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Characters Characters

Avner Kaufman

Disputed
Mossad team leader, protagonist wrestling with morality

Presented as based on Juval Aviv, whose account in the book "Vengeance" (which inspired the film) is heavily disputed by Israeli intelligence officials. May be a composite or largely fictionalized figure.

Steve

Not historic
South African getaway driver

Fictional name for a member of the assassination team. Represents the type of operative Mossad might use, but the specific character and his actions are part of the dramatized narrative.

Robert

Not historic
Belgian bomb-maker

Fictional name for the team's explosives expert. The role existed in Mossad teams, but this specific character is fictionalized based on the disputed source material.

Hans

Not historic
German document forger

Fictional name for the team's forger. Represents a necessary function in covert operations, but the character is fictionalized.

Carl

Not historic
Ex-soldier, 'cleaner', worrier

Fictional name for a team member tasked with security/cleanup. His expressed doubts serve a narrative function, but the character is fictionalized.

Ephraim

Partly historic
Mossad case officer, handler

A composite character likely based partly on figures like Mike Harari, who managed aspects of Operation Wrath of God, but fictionalized for the film.

More characters

Golda Meir

Historic
Prime Minister of Israel

Meir was the Prime Minister who authorized Mossad's response to the Munich Massacre, as depicted.

Louis

Not historic
French informant source

Fictional character representing the necessity of using clandestine, independent (and sometimes morally ambiguous) information brokers for intelligence gathering.

Papa (Louis's Father)

Not historic
Patriarch of informant family

Fictional character, head of the fictional informant network.

Ali Hassan Salameh

Historic
PLO/Black September leader ("Red Prince")

Salameh was a key Black September figure and a high-priority Mossad target, eventually assassinated in 1979 (years after the film's main events).

Wael Zwaiter

Historic
PLO contact assassinated in Rome

Zwaiter was the first target killed in Operation Wrath of God, though his actual involvement in Munich is disputed by some sources.

Mahmoud Hamshari

Historic
PLO representative killed by phone bomb in Paris

Hamshari was assassinated by Mossad using a bomb triggered via telephone, as depicted.

Hussein Abd Al Chir (Al Bashir)

Historic
Fatah representative killed by bed bomb in Cyprus

He was assassinated by Mossad using a bomb planted in his hotel bed.

Jeanette von Lesseps

Not historic
Dutch freelance assassin

A fictional character representing the dangers faced by the Mossad team, including potential counter-assassination attempts or betrayals within the murky world of espionage.

Story Story

Munich Massacre event (1972 Olympics)

True

The film accurately portrays the hostage-taking of Israeli athletes by Black September terrorists and the tragic outcome following a failed rescue attempt.

Golda Meir authorizes Operation Wrath of God

True

Historical accounts confirm Meir and the Israeli cabinet authorized a campaign of targeted assassinations against those deemed responsible for Munich.

Formation/operation of Avner's specific team

Probably false

While Mossad's Kidon unit carried out assassinations, the specific team depicted, its composition, and its leader (Avner/Aviv) are based on disputed accounts and likely heavily fictionalized.

Use of independent informants (Louis's family)

Probably true

Intelligence agencies often rely on unofficial, paid informants and networks; the depiction of using such a source is plausible, though the specific family is fictional.

Assassination of Wael Zwaiter in Rome

True

Zwaiter was assassinated by Mossad in Rome in October 1972.

Assassination of Mahmoud Hamshari in Paris (phone bomb)

True

Hamshari was assassinated by Mossad in Paris in December 1972 using a bomb detonated via telephone call.

Assassination of Hussein Al Bashir in Cyprus (hotel bomb)

True

Al Bashir was assassinated by Mossad in Cyprus in January 1973 using a bomb planted under his hotel bed.

Operation Spring of Youth (Beirut raid)

Partly true

The raid occurred (April 1973) killing three PLO leaders. Ehud Barak (future PM) did participate. Avner's team's peripheral involvement as depicted is likely fictionalization based on the source material.

Lillehammer affair (killing wrong man)

True

Mossad agents did kill innocent waiter Ahmed Bouchikhi in Lillehammer, Norway (July 1973), mistaking him for Ali Hassan Salameh. The film depicts this mistake and its fallout for the team.

Hunting Ali Hassan Salameh

True

Salameh was a top priority target for Mossad for years following Munich. Multiple attempts were made before his eventual assassination in Beirut in 1979.

Mossad team members hunted/killed by counter-assassins

Probably false

The plotline involving the female assassin hunting the team is likely fictional, added for dramatic tension. While agents faced risks, systematic revenge killings targeting the specific team members are not confirmed by reliable sources.

Psychological toll and moral questioning by team members

Largely true

While the specific dialogues are fictional, the film portrays a plausible psychological burden and moral ambiguity inherent in prolonged assassination campaigns. However, the extent depicted is tied to a disputed source.

Avner leaves Mossad, lives in paranoia in USA

Disputed

This reflects the account of Juval Aviv in "Vengeance." Official sources do not confirm this narrative for any specific team leader involved in the operation.

Questioning the effectiveness/morality of cycle of violence

Good depiction

The film effectively uses the (partly fictionalized) narrative to explore the complex themes of revenge, justice, and the potential futility of counter-terrorism through assassination.

Claim most team members died or disappeared

Nobody knows

This claim originates from the disputed source material ("Vengeance"). There is no independent verification for this specific outcome for the agents involved.

Setting Setting

European cities (Rome, Paris, London, etc.) 1970s

Good depiction

The film effectively captures the look and atmosphere of various European locations in the early 1970s, including architecture, vehicles, and street life.

Munich Olympic Village (1972)

Good depiction

The recreation of the Olympic Village setting during the hostage crisis appears authentic to the period and event location.

Beirut, Lebanon (1973)

Good depiction

The depiction of Beirut before the major civil war reflects contemporary accounts of the city during the Operation Spring of Youth sequence.

Israel / Tel Aviv (1970s)

Good depiction

Scenes set in Israel accurately reflect the period's atmosphere and environments relevant to Mossad operations.

Brooklyn, New York (1970s)

Good depiction

The scenes showing Avner's later life in Brooklyn capture the look and feel of the borough during that decade.

Costumes, cars, technology (1970s)

Good depiction

The production design accurately reflects the clothing styles, vehicles, communication technology (payphones, landlines), and overall aesthetic of the early-to-mid 1970s.

Espionage tradecraft depiction

Average depiction

While incorporating elements of real tradecraft (safe houses, surveillance, bomb-making), the film dramatizes methods for narrative effect. Some details align with known Mossad techniques, others are likely cinematic invention.

Atmosphere of Terrorism/Cold War Europe

Good depiction

The film successfully conveys the tension, paranoia, and sense of vulnerability prevalent in Europe during an era marked by political terrorism and Cold War intrigue.

Depiction of clandestine meetings/locations

Good depiction

The use of anonymous hotel rooms, cafes, and public spaces for covert meetings reflects common practices in espionage.